Which term describes the reduction in private sector investment due to government spending?

The term that accurately describes the reduction in private sector investment as a result of increased government spending is "crowding out." This phenomenon occurs when government expenditures lead to a decrease in private sector spending. The rationale behind this is that when the government borrows funds to finance its spending, it competes with the private sector for available capital. As a result, interest rates may rise, making it more expensive for private businesses to borrow money for their investments. Consequently, this can deter private investment, as higher borrowing costs discourage businesses from taking on new projects or expanding.

Government spending can also lead to a reallocation of resources, where funds that might have been used for private investment are instead directed towards government projects. This shift can stifle economic growth if private investment is significantly reduced, leading to less innovation and fewer job opportunities in the long run. Therefore, "crowding out" highlights the tension between government fiscal policy and private sector activity, illustrating how increased public spending can potentially hinder private investment.