Which of the following refers to goods and services provided by the government funded by tax dollars?

The correct answer is Public Goods and Services. These are defined as goods and services that are provided by the government and are financed through tax revenue. Public goods are characterized by two main qualities: they are non-excludable, meaning that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from using them, and they are non-rivalrous, indicating that one person's use of the good does not diminish its availability to others. Examples of public goods include national defense, public parks, and street lighting.

In contrast, private goods are typically produced by private firms and can be owned and consumed individually. Market failures refer to situations where the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient, often justifying government intervention. Externalities occur when a third party is affected by the economic activities of others, which can lead to unintended consequences, like pollution. Each of these concepts plays a role in understanding how goods and services are categorized and managed within an economy.