Which method of allocation uses random selection to distribute resources?

The method of allocation that utilizes random selection to distribute resources is the lottery. This approach involves randomly selecting individuals or groups from a larger population to receive certain resources or benefits, ensuring that everyone has an equal chance of being chosen. Lotteries are often used in contexts where competition is high or when it is impractical to use other methods of allocation, such as when resources are limited and demand significantly exceeds supply.

In contrast, other methods like majority rule depend on the decision of the majority to allocate resources, which can often lead to the marginalization of minority interests. First come, first served prioritizes individuals based on the order in which they arrive, which does not give all participants an equal chance. Market strategy involves the use of economic principles where resources are allocated based on supply and demand rather than random selection. Thus, the lottery stands out as the method that specifically relies on randomness to determine who receives resources.