Which method of allocation uses random selection to distribute resources?

The method of allocation that uses random selection to distribute resources is indeed the lottery. This approach assigns resources through a chance-based process, ensuring that every participant has an equal opportunity to receive the resources in question. Lotteries eliminate bias and favoritism, making it a fair mechanism for allocation, particularly in situations where resources are limited and demand exceeds supply.

In contrast, majority rule involves decision-making based on the preferences of the majority, which does not incorporate random selection. First come, first served prioritizes those who arrive or apply first, rewarding early action rather than random distribution. Market strategy, on the other hand, relies on supply and demand dynamics, allowing those who can pay the most for a resource to access it, again not utilizing random selection. Thus, the lottery stands out as the only method among these options that leverages randomness in the allocation process.