What causes demand-pull inflation?

Demand-pull inflation occurs when the demand for goods and services in an economy outpaces the available supply. This situation typically arises during periods of strong economic growth, where consumers, businesses, and governments all increase their spending. When aggregate demand rises significantly, firms struggle to keep up with the increased purchasing power, leading them to raise prices as they compete for limited resources.

Factors contributing to this increase in aggregate demand can include rising consumer confidence, increased government spending, or expansionary monetary policies that lower interest rates. These elements drive up demand beyond what the economy can produce at full capacity, resulting in inflationary pressure.

In contrast, other options mention conditions such as excess supply or government intervention, which relate more to different inflationary scenarios or economic dynamics, rather than the specific mechanism of demand-pull inflation.