What allocation strategy is based on individual characteristics such as merit or need?

The correct allocation strategy that focuses on individual characteristics such as merit or need is aligning with a personal characteristics approach. This strategy emphasizes the importance of individual attributes, allowing resources or opportunities to be distributed based on factors like ability, effort, or specific requirements. By assessing individuals on these personal traits, this allocation method aims to create a more equitable and efficient distribution, ensuring that those demonstrating higher merit or greater need receive the appropriate support or resources.

In contrast, authority typically refers to allocation made by a governing body or figure without necessarily considering personal characteristics. Economic planning usually involves broader strategies for resource distribution at a macro level, rather than focusing on individuals. Resource allocation is a more general term that doesn't specifically account for individual merit or need in its approach. Thus, these alternatives do not encapsulate the idea of evaluating individual characteristics as the primary basis for resource distribution.